The breadth and diversity of the interventions required to respond adequately to the needs of children in families affected by the HIV epidemic present particular challenges to programme development and implementation. If the five programme elements just outlined are to be achieved, there must be an overarching programme strategy which is to create an environment that will encourage and support the necessary changes.

In this respect, policies to address the needs of children in affected families are no different from those directed, for example, to adults. Efforts must be made to create an environment that is sensitive to the needs and concerns of all people affected by the epidemic and which expresses care and compassion for these people rather than fear, hostility or alienation.