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Action Research Report on «Reflect» - Education research paper No.17 (DFID; 1996; 96 pages)
	Overseas Development Administration - Education papers
	Acknowledgements
	List of other ODA education papers available
	Abstract
	Foreword
	1. Introduction
		Claims & Counter-claims
		Policy makers & donors
		Re-framing the questions
	2. Theoretical roots of the new method: reflect
		2.1 Introduction: Challenging the global domination of the primer
		2.2 Introduction to Freire
		2.3 Limitations and distortions of Freire
		2.4 Introduction to participatory rural appraisal
		2.5 Tensions between Freire and Chambers
		2.6 New concepts of literacy: The ideological approach
		2.7 Visual literacy
		2.8 Numeracy
		2.9 Gender
	3. The REFLECT method
		An overview
		Reflect in practice: a visit to a circle
	4. The evaluation of the projects
		4.1 Background to the projects
			4.1.1 Bangladesh
			4.1.2 El Salvador
			4.1.3 Uganda
		4.2 Starting up the new literacy programmes
			4.2.1 Uganda
			4.2.2 El Salvador
			4.2.3 Bangladesh
		4.3 Approaches to monitoring and evaluation of the pilot projects
			4.3.1 Bangladesh control groups
			4.3.2 Uganda
			4.3.3 El Salvador
		4.4 Monitoring progress & problems in the pilot projects
			4.4.1 Bangladesh
			4.4.2 progress and problems in Uganda
			4.4.3 Progress and problems in El Salvador
			4.4.4 Cross-case study analysis
		4.5 Reading, writing and numeracy
			4.5.1 Bangladesh
			4.5.2 Uganda
			4.5.3 El Salvador
			4.5.4 Analysis
		4.6 Empowerment
			4.6.1 Self realisation
			4.6.2 Community participation
			4.6.3 Collective action
			4.6.4 Resource management
			4.6.5 Gender roles
			4.6.6 Health
			4.6.7 Children's education
			4.6.8 Cross case study analysis of empowerment
		4.7 Methodological learning
		4.8 Cost effectiveness
			4.8.1 Bangladesh
			4.8.2 Uganda
			4.8.3 El Salvador
	5. Concluding reflections
	6. A dialogue on reflect with critics
	References
	Acronyms

Action Research Report on «Reflect» - Education research paper No.17

REGENERATED FREIREAN LITERACY THROUGH EMPOWERING COMMUNITY TECHNIQUES

THE EXPERIENCES OF THREE REFLECT PILOT PROJECTS IN UGANDA, BANGLADESH, EL SALVADOR

Prepared by
David Archer & Sara Cottingham

March 1996
Serial No. 17
ISBN: 0 902500 72 4

Overseas Development Administration

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