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close this bookAsbestos Overview and Handling Recommendations (GTZ; 1996)
View the documentAcknowledgments
View the documentPreface
Open this folder and view contentsPart I. Introduction
close this folderPart II. Asbestos
Open this folder and view contents1. Introductory part: Asbestos - Deposits, uses, types, characteristics
Open this folder and view contents2. Legal regulations for the production, introduction to the market and use of Asbestos containing materials and Asbestos products
Open this folder and view contents3. Environmental aspects and health hazards due to Asbestos
close this folder4. Application areas of Asbestos materials and Asbestos products
View the document4. 1 Introduction
View the document4.2 The meaning of composite fibrous materials
close this folder4.3 Asbestos in the building construction area
View the document4.4 Other application areas
Open this folder and view contents5. Occupational safety measures in handling Asbestos
Open this folder and view contents6 Aspects of Asbestos abatement and disposal of Asbestos containing materials
Open this folder and view contentsPart III. Asbestos substitutes
Open this folder and view contentsPart IV Country analysis
Open this folder and view contentsPart V Development of handling recommendations
View the documentPart Vl Literature
Open this folder and view contentsPart VII Annexes
 
4.4 Other application areas

Aside from the structural elements and other construction products, the so-called friction products are an important application area for Asbestos. These are primarily in the form of Asbestos containing brake and clutch linings, which are to some extent still found in numerous countries.

The many mechanical, physical and chemical properties of Asbestos have generated many additional application forms. Table 14 presents an overview of these Asbestos containing products. In total, Asbestos manufacturing (manufacturing of Asbestos containing products) amounts to about 30 - 40 million tons per year (1985).

Table 14: Summary of Asbestos Containing Products

Product

Average percent Asbestos

Binding Agent

Period of Use

Friction products

50

various polymers

1910 - present

Plastic products

     

Floor tile and sheet

20

PVC, asphalt

1950 - present

Coatings and sealants

10

Asphalt

1900 - present

Rigid plastics

< 50

Phenolic resin

? - present

Cement pipe and sheet

20

Portland cement

1930 - present

Paper products

     

Roofing felt

15

Asphalt

1910 - present

Gaskets

80

Various Polymers

? - present

Corrugated paper pipe wrap

80

Starches, sodium silicate

1910 - present

Other paper

80

Polymer, starches, silicates

1910 - present

Textile Products

90

Cotton, wool

1910 - present

Insulating and decorative products.

     

Sprayed coating

50

Portland cement, silicates, organic binders

1935 - 1978

Trowelled coating

70

Portland cement, silicates

1935 - 1978

Preformed pipe wrap

50

Magnesium carbonate, Calcium

1926 - 1975

Insulation hoard

30

silicate

 

Boiler insulation

10

silicate

unknown

   

Magnesium

1890 - 1978

   

carbonate, calcium silicate

 

Other Uses

< 50

Many types

1900 - present

Source: US-EPA Asbestos Waste Management Guidance - Generation. Transport, Disposal; 1985

Comment: The stated dates are to be taken relatively and can vary depending on the country; the term "present" indicates that these products can still be found.

Due to the combination of material properties, Asbestos is also used in street construction, in the manufacturing of rubber and tires and in the production of vehicles, airplanes and ships.

Table 15 shows the main uses of chrysotile Asbestos and their typical trade classifications.

Table 15: Usual Trade Classification of Chrysolite Asbestos

Classification*

Description

Primarily used for:

1

Crude 1

Woven textile, protective clothing, gasket

2

Crude 2

High quality It-sheets

3

Spun fiber

Pressure pipes, filters, etc.

4

Slate fiber

It-sheets, Asbestos cement sheets, pipes and formed pieces of pipe, gasket, Asbestos paper, spraying Asbestos, etc.

5

Long cardboard fiber

Asbestos cement sheets, Asbestos pipes, Asbestos singles, Asbestos cardboard for example for cushion-vinyl-lining, brake lining and clutch lining

6

Cardboard fibers

Clutch lining

7

Short fibers

Asbestos cardboard, friction lining, PVC-floor lining, and for casing of welding electrodes, etc.

8

Sand and waste

 

*) Classes 1 and 2 refer to hand-picked unprocessed Asbestos pieces with fibers of more than 19 mm (Crude 1) and of cat 9.5 to 19 mm lengths (Crude 2); Classes 3-8 refer to Asbestos qualities according to mechanical processing (milled fibers): Classification according to normed sifling methods of the QAPA (Quebec Asbestos Producers Association).

Source: Frank, K.: Asbestos Hamburg 1952, (cited from the UBA-Report 1180)

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