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Application of Biomass Energy Technologies
(UNCHS/HABITAT; 1993; 168 pages)
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
A. The need for modernization
B. Experience from case studies
I. WOODFUEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
A. Introduction
B. Botswana
C. Lesotho
D. Malawi
E. Mozambique
F. Swaziland
G. United Republic of Tanzania
H. Zambia
I. Zimbabwe
J. Analysis of the case studies
K. Conclusions
II. IMPROVED CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
A. Introduction
B. The Malawi Charcoal Project
C. Charcoal markets
D. Constraints
E. Policy environment and role of the Government
F. Role of entrepreneurs and informal-sector artisans
G. Local research initiatives and indigenous technical skills
H. Role of non-governmental organizations
I. Role of end-users
J. External financial support and local credit and banking institutions
III. FUEL-EFFICIENT COOKSTOVES
A. The KCJ Project
B. Traditional cookstoves
C. Development of the KCJ - the institutions
D. Constraints
E. Policy environment and role of the Government
F. Role of private entrepreneurs and informal-sector artisans
G. Local research initiatives and indigenous technical skills
H. Role of non-governmental organizations
I. Role of the end-users
J. External financial support and local credit and banking institutions
K. Conclusions
IV. CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ETHANOL
A. Introduction
B. Brazil
C. Zimbabwe
D. Malawi
E. Kenya
F. Thailand
V. BIOGAS
A. Introduction
B. India
C. China
VI. CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ELECTRICITY
A. Gasification
B. Pura village, India
C. Hosahalli village, India
D. Mauritius
E. The Philippines
F. The South Pacific
G. Indonesia
H. Mali
I. Brazil - potential
VII. PERCEIVED PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND POLICY OPTIONS
A. Environmental impacts
B. Food or fuel?
C. Land availability
D. Raw-material supply
E. R&D and technology transfer
F. Social factors
G. Economics
H. Policy
I. Institutions
VIII. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
IV. CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ETHANOL
[Ukrainian]
[English]
[Russian]
