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Application of Biomass Energy Technologies (UNCHS/HABITAT; 1993; 168 pages)
	FOREWORD
	INTRODUCTION
		A. The need for modernization
		B. Experience from case studies
	I. WOODFUEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
		A. Introduction
		B. Botswana
		C. Lesotho
		D. Malawi
		E. Mozambique
		F. Swaziland
		G. United Republic of Tanzania
		H. Zambia
		I. Zimbabwe
		J. Analysis of the case studies
		K. Conclusions
	II. IMPROVED CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
		A. Introduction
		B. The Malawi Charcoal Project
		C. Charcoal markets
		D. Constraints
		E. Policy environment and role of the Government
		F. Role of entrepreneurs and informal-sector artisans
		G. Local research initiatives and indigenous technical skills
		H. Role of non-governmental organizations
		I. Role of end-users
		J. External financial support and local credit and banking institutions
	III. FUEL-EFFICIENT COOKSTOVES
		A. The KCJ Project
		B. Traditional cookstoves
		C. Development of the KCJ - the institutions
		D. Constraints
		E. Policy environment and role of the Government
		F. Role of private entrepreneurs and informal-sector artisans
		G. Local research initiatives and indigenous technical skills
		H. Role of non-governmental organizations
		I. Role of the end-users
		J. External financial support and local credit and banking institutions
		K. Conclusions
	IV. CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ETHANOL
		A. Introduction
		B. Brazil
		C. Zimbabwe
		D. Malawi
		E. Kenya
		F. Thailand
	V. BIOGAS
		A. Introduction
		B. India
		C. China
	VI. CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO ELECTRICITY
		A. Gasification
		B. Pura village, India
		C. Hosahalli village, India
		D. Mauritius
		E. The Philippines
		F. The South Pacific
		G. Indonesia
		H. Mali
		I. Brazil - potential
	VII. PERCEIVED PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND POLICY OPTIONS
		A. Environmental impacts
		B. Food or fuel?
		C. Land availability
		D. Raw-material supply
		E. R&D and technology transfer
		F. Social factors
		G. Economics
		H. Policy
		I. Institutions
	VIII. CONCLUSION
	REFERENCES

Application of Biomass Energy Technologies

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat)
Nairobi, 1993

Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations.

HS/287/93 E
ISBN 91-1-131210-8

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