Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Situation in Kenya - A Baseline Survey: 4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: 4.2 LEVEL II CORE INDICATORS: 4.2.2 QUALITY AND SAFETY: 4.2.2.1 Presence of expired medicines in public health facility pharmacies, regional warehouses and Private pharmacy outlets

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Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Situation in Kenya - A Baseline Survey (HAI, WHO; 2003; 78 pages)
	LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
	2. INTRODUCTION
		2.1 COUNTRY PROFILE
		2.2 STRUCTURE OF HEALTH AND PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS
		2.3 NATIONAL MEDICINES POLICY
		2.4 MEDICINE PRODUCTION
	3. SURVEY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
		3.1 SURVEY PURPOSE
		3.2 METHODOLOGY
	4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
		4.1 LEVEL I CORE INDICATORS
			4.1.1 National Medicine Policy
			4.1.2 Legislation/regulation
			4.1.3 Quality control of pharmaceuticals
			4.1.4 Essential medicines list
			4.1.5 Medicines supply system
			4.1.6 Medicines financing
			4.1.7 Access to essential medicines
			4.1.8 Production
			4.1.9 Rational use
		4.2 LEVEL II CORE INDICATORS
			4.2.1 ACCESS
				4.2.1.1 Availability of key medicines in public health facilities, regional warehouses and private pharmacies
				4.2.1.2 Adequacy* of stock records in public health facilities and regional warehouses
				4.2.1.3 Affordability of treatment at public health facilities and private pharmacies
				4.2.1.4 Percentage of prescribed medicines actually dispensed or administered to patients in Public health facilities
				4.2.1.5 Access to medicines by households
			4.2.2 QUALITY AND SAFETY
				4.2.2.1 Presence of expired medicines in public health facility pharmacies, regional warehouses and Private pharmacy outlets
				4.2.2.2 Adequacy* of Conservation conditions and handling of medicines in public health facility and regional warehouses
			4.2.3 RATIONAL USE
				4.2.3.1 Adequacy* of labeling of medicines dispensed by public health facility pharmacies
				4.2.3.2 Percentage of patients at public health facilities who know how to take medicines
				4.2.3.3 Average number of medicines prescribed in public health facilities
				4.2.3.4 Percentage of patients at public health facilities receiving antibiotics
				4.2.3.5 Percentage of patients prescribed an injection in public health facilities
				4.2.3.6 Percentage of medicines prescribed at public health facilities on EDL
				4.2.3.7 Percentage availability of STG and EDL at public health facilities
				4.2.3.8 Medicine prescribing by INN/generic name
				4.2.3.9 Percentage of tracer cases at public health facilities treated with medicines recommended or discouraged in STGs.
				4.2.3.10 Use of medicines by households
	5. CONCLUSION
	6. POSITIVE ASPECTS AND AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT IDENTIFIED
	7. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
	APPENDICES
		APPENDIX 1 - PROPOSAL
		APPENDIX 2 - TRAINING TIMETABLE
		APPENDIX 3 - ALLOCATION OF HEALTH FACILITIES TO DATA COLLECTORS
		APPENDIX 4 - SURVEY FORMS 1-16
		APPENDIX 5 - LIST OF 15 BASKET OF MEDICINES
		APPENDIX 6 - COMPLETED LEVEL ONE QUESTIONNAIRE

4.2.2.1 Presence of expired medicines in public health facility pharmacies, regional warehouses and Private pharmacy outlets

• The median percentage expired medicines was found to be 0 in all the public health facilities, regional warehouses and private pharmacy outlets.

• However, 13.3% of public health facilities and 6.7% of private retail outlets were found to have one or more expired medicines on their shelves.

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