Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Sector in Ethiopia: Chapter III: Findings and interpretations of the results: 4. House Hold Survey: 4.9. Drug expenditure to Income ratio

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Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Sector in Ethiopia (FDRE-MOH, WHO; 2003; 61 pages)
	ACKNOWLEDGMENT
	ACRONYMS
	EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
	Chapter I: Introduction
		1. Geographical and socio-demographic data
		2. The Health Sector
		3. The Pharmaceutical Sector
	Chapter II: Over all context of the study
		1. The Problem
		2. General objectives
		3. Specific Objectives
		4. Study design and Methodology
			4.1 Sampling unit and sample size
			4.2. Sampling Procedure
			4.3. Survey Instruments
			4.4. Data collection and Co-ordination of the survey
			4.5. Data Management
			4.6. Scope and Limitation of the Data
	Chapter III: Findings and interpretations of the results
		1. Accessibility of key essential drugs
			1.1. Availability of key essential drugs
			1.2. Stock out duration
			1.3. Percentage of Prescribed drugs dispensed to patients
			1.4. Affordability of key essential drugs
		2. Quality
			2.1. Adequacy of drug storage
			2.2. Presence of expired drugs at facility level
		3. Rational Drug Use
			3.1. Average number of drugs prescribed per encounter
			3.2. Percentage of antibiotic use
			3.3. Percentage of injection use
			3.4. Percentage of prescribed drugs included in the EDL
			3.5. Adequacy of Labeling of drugs
			3.6. Patient Knowledge
			3.7. Availability of STGs/EDLs in health facilities
			3.8. Assessment of Treatment Practices
				3.8.1 Treatment of diarrhea (non-bloody, watery) in children
					Prevalence of ORS use
					Prevalence of use of antibiotic
					Prevalence of use of anti-diarrhea and or anti-spasmodic drugs
				3.8.2 Treatment of non-pneumonia ARTI
				3.8.3 Treatment of Mild/Moderate pneumonia
					Prevalence of use of first-line antibiotics
					Prevalence of use of more than one antibiotics
		4. House Hold Survey
			4.1. Demographic Characteristics
			4.2. Disease Symptoms
			4.3. Types of Consultations
			4.4. Extent of Drug therapy
			4.5. Extent of dispensing of prescribed Medicines
			4.6. Reasons for not obtaining the prescribed Medicines
			4.7. Level of compliance to prescribed Medicines
			4.8. Sources of Medicines
			4.9. Drug expenditure to Income ratio
	Chapter IV: Conclusion and Recommendation
		1. CONCLUSION
		2. RECOMMENDATIONS
	Annex I: National Regional States of Ethiopia
	Annex II: Six-tier and four-tier health care delivery systems
	Annex III: Distribution of Health Facilities and House Holds Surveyed
	Annex IV: LIST OF KEY ESSENTIAL DRUGS
	Annex V: Summary of National Indicators

4.9. Drug expenditure to Income ratio

Further look into the drug expenditure to income ratio of 250 respondents has revealed that on the average 20.9% (Minimum 0%, Maximum 3300%), of estimated family weekly income or total weekly household expense is required to cover the cost of drugs to treat a single illness episode.

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